Terms Of Computer

Direct access

The shortcut is a concept used in Microsoft Windows operating systems to refer to a file or object whose content contains instructions that redirect to another file system file or to a network location. He is represented by an icon with an arrow at the bottom left side of the icon.

Such files contain location information (program or document), usually represented by a custom icon. They are not editable using a text editor; You can only be edited from Windows Explorer.

Database

It is called database information banks containing data on various topics and categorized differently, but share with each other some kind of link or relationship that seeks to sort and classify them together.

Bit

Bit stands for binary digit (ie of 'bit' in Spanish referred to as bit, and to a lesser extent as bit). A bit is a binary digit numbering system. The storage capacity of a digital memory also measured in bits, because this word has several meanings.

Data buffer

In computer science, a buffer (English, buffer) is a memory space in which data is stored temporarily, usually for single use (generally use a FIFO queue system); its main use is to prevent the program or resource that requires either hardware or software, run out during data transfer (input / output) of irregular data or processing speed.

Byte

Byte (B) 1 2 (pronounced [bait] or [ 'bi.te]) is the basic unit of information used in computing and telecommunications, and is equivalent to an ordered set of bits (usually 8 bits, set April 3 May 6 7 8 9 10 which in Spanish also called octet).

Cache

In computing, cache memory is fast access to a computer, which temporarily stores the newly processed data (information).

A cache is a special memory buffer that have computers, which functions similarly to the main memory, but is smaller and faster access. It is used by the microprocessor to reduce access time to data located in the main memory that are used most frequently.

CD-R

A CD-R is a recordable compact disc format. (Compact Disc Recordable = Compact Disc Recordable). They can be recorded in multiple sessions, however aggregated information can not be erased or overwritten, instead you must use the free space left by the immediately previous session.

CD-ROM

A CD-ROM, also cederrón1 (English acronym Compact Disc Read-Only Memory) is a compact disc using laser beams to store and read large amounts of information in digital format. The CD-ROM standard was established in 1985 by Sony and Philips2. It belongs to a set of colorful books known as Rainbow Books that contains the technical specifications for all CD formats.

CD-RW

The compact disc-rewritable, known by the acronym CD-RW (English Compact Disc - ReWritable, originally R and W were used as the attributes of the CD, which means "read" and "write", reading and writing) is a type support digital optical disc used to store any kind of information.
This type of CD can be recorded multiple times, as it allows stored data to be deleted.

Cookie

A cookie, computer cookie or cookie is a small information sent by a website and stored in the user's browser so that the website can consult the previous user activity.

Its main functions are:

You take control of users: When a user enters their username and password, a cookie is stored so you do not have to be introducing them to each page server. However, a cookie does not identify a person, but to a combination of computer-computer class-user browser.
Getting information on the user's browsing habits, and attempted spyware (spyware), by advertising agencies and others. This can cause privacy and is one of the reasons why cookies have their detractors.

Cracker

The term cracker (English cracker, and East to crack, 'break', 'fail') is used to refer to people who "break" a system security.1 Crackers may be motivated by a multitude of reasons, including profit, protest, or the desafío.2 Mostly, it is understood that the crackers are engaged in unauthorized editing of proprietary software. However, it should be understood that although the binary executables are one of the main objectives of these people, a web application or any other computer system represent other types of attacks that similarly can be considered acts of cracking.

DIMM

SDRAM memory modules in DIMM format (two DIMM SDR SDRAM PC133 modules).
DIMMs (stands for dual in-line memory module, translatable as "memory module with dual contacts") are, like its predecessors SIMM RAM modules that plug directly into slots on the motherboard personal computers and consist of small printed circuit boards containing memory integrated circuits. DIMMs are externally recognizable by having each contact (or pin) of one of its separate sides opposite each other, unlike the SIMM that each contact is connected to its opposite. The physical layout of the DIMM doubles the number of different contacts with the bus.

Harddrive unit

In computing, the hard drive or hard disk drive (in English: Hard Disk Drive, HDD) is a data storage device that uses a magnetic recording system for storing digital files. It consists of one or more plates or hard disks, united by a common shaft rotating at high speed inside a sealed metal box. On each plate, and on each of its faces, a head read / write floating on a thin sheet of air generated by the rotation of the disks is placed. It is nonvolatile memory.

Pointing device

A pointing device is a hardware component (more specifically a human interface device) that allows the user to enter data into a computer space.

Systems computer-aided design (CAD) and gifted teams graphical user interface (GUI) assisted allow the user to control and provide data to the computer using physical movements of the device (point, click, drag), mainly by moving a mouse hand on the actual surface of a table and activating the switches in this. Peripheral movements are reflected on the screen as the pointer or cursor movements and other visual changes.

DRAM

DRAM stands for the English word Dynamic Random Access Memory, which means dynamic memory random (or dynamic RAM) access, to name a type of RAM technology based on capacitors, which lose their charge gradually, requiring a dynamic refresh circuit that every certain period, check that charge and replenished in a refresh cycle. In opposition to this concept comes the SRAM (static RAM), with which it is called the type of RAM semiconductor-based technology, while still powered, no need to refresh.

DVD

The DVD is a type of optical disk for data storage.

The DVD1 abbreviation stands for Digital Versatile Disc2 (Digital Versatile Disc), so that both acronyms (in Spanish and English) match. In the beginning, the "V" intermediate referred to video (digital videodisc) due to its development as a replacement for VHS format for video distribution to households

Driver

A driver or device driver is the software that communicates with the operating system peripherals. For example, a sound card can output an audio signal or take audio from the outside, a video card is capable of sending video signal to a monitor to show the desktop of a system, a mouse is able to mobilize an arrow virtual on screen, etc.

Firewall

Firewalls can be implemented in hardware or software, or a combination of both. Firewalls are frequently used to prevent unauthorized Internet users from accessing private networks connected to the Internet, especially intranets. All messages entering or leaving the intranet pass through the firewall, which examines each message and blocks those that do not meet the specified security criteria. It is also common to connect the firewall to a third network, called demilitarized zone, or DMZ, where the servers in the organization that must remain accessible from the external network are located.

Firmware

A very common device firmware: the television remote control.

A typical view of computer architecture as a series of abstraction layers: hardware, firmware, assembler, kernel, operating system and applications

Read-only memory containing the BIOS of an old motherboard.
The firmware is a computer program that establishes the lowest level logic that controls the electronic circuits of a device of any kind. It is tightly integrated with the electronic device, so that is the software that has direct interaction with the hardware, thus being responsible for external control to execute instructions correctly.

In short, a firmware is software that manages the hardware physically.

The BIOS program a computer is a firmware whose purpose is to activate a machine from its power and prepare the environment to load an operating system into RAM.

GIF

Graphics Interchange Format

1. Animation Gif-rotating earth. Note posterization blue gradient due to the restriction in the color palette.
developer
CompuServe
General information
.gif File extension
MIME type of image / gif
Type code GIF
Uniform Type Identifier com.compuserve.gif
Magic number GIF87a / GIF89a
Type format raster graphics
Open format?
[Edit data in Wikidata]
Graphics Interchange Format, GIF (CompuServe GIF) is a graphics format widely used on the World Wide Web, both for images and for animations.

The format was created by CompuServe in 1987 to provide a color image format for their file downloading areas, replacing their earlier RLE format in black and white. GIF became popular because he could use the LZW compression algorithm (Lempel Ziv Welch) to perform image compression, which was more efficient than the algorithm Run-length encoding (RLE) used by PCX and MacPaint formats. Therefore, large images could be discharged within a reasonable period of time, even with very slow modems.

Gigabyte

Information units (byte)
International System (decimal) ISO / IEC 80000-13 (binary)
Multiple (symbol) multiple SI (symbol) ISO / IEC
kilobyte (kB) 103 kibibyte (KiB) 210
megabyte (MB) 106 mebibyte (MiB) 220
gigabyte (GB) 109 gibibyte (GIB) 230
terabyte (TB) 1012 tebibyte (TIB) 240
petabyte (PB) 1015 pebibyte (GdP) 250
exabyte (EB) 1018 exbibyte (EIB) 260
zettabyte (ZB) 1021 zebibyte (ZiB) 270
yottabyte (YB) 1024 yobibyte (YIB) 280
See also: Nibble • • octal byte
A gigabyte is a unit of information storage whose symbol is the GB, equivalent to 109 (one thousand million- 1,000,000,000) bytes. The term comes from the Greek giga / guígas / which means "giant". In colloquial language, "gigabyte" is often abbreviated as giga: "This computer has 2 gigabytes of RAM"

Hacker

The term hacker has different meanings. According to the dictionary of hackers, 1 is any individual who is dedicated to program enthusiastically, that is an enthusiastic expert of any kind, who believes that making information accessible to all is an extraordinary well.2 According to Eric Raymond the main reason that these people have to create software in their spare time, and then distribute them free of charge, is to be recognized for their iguales.3 the term hacker was born in the second half of the twentieth century and its origin is linked to the clubs and laboratories of MIT.

Hardware

good article

Tipical Hardware of a PC:
1. Monitor.
2. Main board.
3. Microprocessor (CPU) and socket.
4. A RAM module and three slots.
5. Two expansion cards and three slots.
6. Power supply.
7. Optical (CD, DVD, BD).
8. Hard disk drive or solid state drive.
9. keyboard.
10. Mouse.
The term hardware refers to all physical parts of a computer system; its components are: electrical, electronic, electromechanical and mecánicos.1 are cables, cabinets or boxes, peripherals of all kinds and any other physical element involved; contrary, the software is intangible and is called software.

HTML

HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language (hypertext markup language), refers to markup language for developing web pages. It is a standard that serves as a reference for the software that connects to the development of web pages in different versions, defines a basic structure and code (called HTML) for defining content of a web page, including text, images, videos , games, among others. It is a standard by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) or WWW Consortium, an organization dedicated to the standardization of almost all technologies related to the web, especially in relation to their writing and interpretation. the most important being its crucial web language invention in the emergence, development and expansion of the World Wide Web (WWW) is considered. Is the standard that has been imposed on display of web pages and is the one that all current browsers have adopted.

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol, or HTTP (in Spanish Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is a communication protocol that allows the transfer of information on the World Wide Web. HTTP was developed by the World Wide Web Consortium and the Internet Engineering Task Force, a collaboration that culminated in 1999 with the publication of a series of RFC, the most important of them is the RFC 2616 that specifies the version 1.1. 

.

Internet

The Internet (or, again, the internet) 3 is a decentralized set of communications networks interconnected using the family of TCP / IP protocols, which ensures that the heterogeneous physical networks that comprise a unique global logical network. Its origins date back to 1969, when the first connection of computers, known as ARPANET, between three universities in California (United States) was established.

Intranet

An intranet is a computer network that uses Internet Protocol technology to share information, operating systems, or computing services within an organization. This term is used in contrast to Extranet, a network between organizations, and instead refers to a network within an organization. Sometimes the term refers only to the internal organization of the website, but may be a more extensive part of the infrastructure of information technology organization, and may be composed of several local area networks. The goal is to organize the desktop of each individual with minimal cost, time and effort to be more productive, profitable, timely, secure and competitive.

Java

Java is a programming language for general purpose concurrent object oriented which was specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. His intention is to allow application developers to write the program once and run on any device (known in English as WORA, or "write once, run anywhere"), which means that the code is executed on a platform You not have to be recompiled to run on another. Java is from 2012, one of the most popular programming languages in use, particularly for client-server applications web, with some 10 million users reported.

JPEG

Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG), Group Joint Photographic Experts, is the name of an expert committee that created a standard compression and encoding files and still images. This committee was integrated from the beginning by the merger of several groups in an attempt to share and develop their expertise in digital imaging. ISO, three years earlier (April 1983), had started its investigations in the area.

Kernel

In computing, a core or kernel (from the Germanic root Kern, heart, bone) is software that is an essential part of the operating system, and is defined as the part that runs in privileged mode (also known as kernel mode). It is the main responsible for providing various programs secure access to computer hardware or basic form, is responsible for managing resources, through system call services.

Pencil 

In optics, a pencil or pencil of rays is a geometric construct used to describe a beam or portion of a beam of electromagnetic radiation or charged particles, in the form of Typically a narrow cone or cylinder.

Which Antennas strongly bundle in azimuth and elevation are Often Described as "pencil-beam" antennas. For example a phased array antenna can send out a beam That is extremely thin. Such antennas are used for tracking radar. See Beamforming for further details.

LCD

A liquid crystal display or LCD (English acronym liquid crystal display) is a thin, flat screen formed by a number of color or monochrome pixels arranged in front of a light source or reflector. It is often used in electronic devices batteries because it uses very small amounts of electricity.